Similarities and Differences between Instructional Design Models: Comparison between Dick & Cary, ASSURE Model, and Gagne & Briggs.
Definition of Instructional Design Model
Instructional design can be described in many ways. Commonwealth of Learning, Use and Integration of Media in Open and Distance Learning (1999) described it in terms of stages that facilitate learning; 1- Identify the purposes of learning vis-a-vis learning objectives. 2-
Develop the learning experiences to achieve learning objectives. 3- Evaluate whether the learning experiences effectively achieved its objectives. 4- Improve the learning experiences where necessary.
Briggs et al (1991) summarized instructional design as systematically applying a set of principles to achieve effective, efficient, and relevant instruction. Dick et al (2001) described it as a systematic approach for the design, development, implementation and evaluation of instruction
Below is a brief look at the three models;
The ASSURE Model
This model was developed by Heinich, R, Molenda, M. Russell, J. and Smaldino in 2001. Their six letters -acronym model is ASSURE that is A: Analyze learners characteristics. S: State objectives. S: Select methods of instruction, media or design materials. U: Utilize media and materials. R: Require learner response. E: Evaluate and revise.
During Analysis, the instructor looks at the learners’ characteristics and entry competencies if any. The objectives Selected include activities and the instructor sets conditions of degree of acceptable performance. In Selection of materials, the instructor chooses the most appropriate methods and materials and where necessary new materials can be designed. In Utilizing the media and the materials the instructor prepares learners and starts instruction. During the ‘Require learner response’ the instructor allows them to practice and then he gives feedback. Finally, in Evaluation, the instructor assesses students learning whether or not there was any effective impact and assesses the instruction if there were any loopholes.
However, Shariffudin (2007) held the view that ASSURES Model phases may not entirely rely on the lecture notes or textbooks. The instructor may, where necessary, out- source relevant materials and technologies before or during the instruction.
The Dick and Carey Model
This instructional design was developed by Dick & Cary in 1996. The quick noticeable difference between ASSURE Model and Dick & Cary Model is that the former looks simpler whereas the later is rather more complex because of many phases involved.
